Monitoring References to the Court of Justice of the European Union
Preliminary references are EU law's early-warning system: every reference is a dispute a national judge could not resolve alone. EU Law Radar reports them as they are lodged — the questions quoted verbatim — and follows each case through to judgment.
An EAW issued by a public prosecutor with no pre-surrender judicial review, resting on a national warrant whose judge never assessed proportionality: the Rechtbank Amsterdam asks whether the 'dual level of protection' is still real.
If the statutory default interest on a late commercial payment works out at less than one cent — and Finnish rounding rules turn it into zero — is the creditor still owed anything under the Late Payment Directive? The Finnish Supreme Court asks.
Can a platform sleepwalk through a geopolitical storm? The European Commission says no. In a move that will send shivers down the spine of every compliance officer in Silicon Valley, the Commission has opened formal proceedings against TikTok under the … Continue reading →
If a user pays for a badge that implies identity, but the platform only verifies their credit card, is that a service or a scam? The European Commission has decided it is the latter. In a landmark decision – the … Continue reading →
The Luxembourg General Court gave Google a pass in September 2024, knocking out the Commission’s whopping €1.49 bn fine; honestly, many of us in the tech risk sector expected a quick confirmation of the penalty, making this annulment a massive … Continue reading →
Amidst the evolving professional landscape, the allure of autonomy, self-determination, and the prospect of crafting a unique career trajectory has gained significant traction. Legal Shield, operating within the multi-level marketing (MLM) framework and offering legal services, remains a focal point … Continue reading →
The questions referred are quoted word-for-word from the official texts. Commentary is clearly separated from the record.
Each report links the authentic documents on CURIA and EUR-Lex by ECLI and CELEX number.
URLs cited in academic literature since 2012 do not change. Corrections are logged, never silently overwritten.